Profiling by proxy is defined as?

• A. Profiling by using surveillance data
• B. Profiling based on age
• C. Profiling based on hair color
• D. Letting other people's implicit biases lead you to biased behavior.

Answer: (D)

Profiling by proxy means letting someone else’s implicit biases shape how you judge or treat another person, rather than forming your own assessment from that person’s actual behavior or characteristics. It happens when you rely on the prejudices of others to decide how to act, effectively transferring those biases onto the person you’re evaluating. This is why the best choice describes letting other people’s unconscious stereotypes guide your actions.

Using surveillance data is about the data source itself, not about adopting others’ biases. Profiling by age or by hair color targets observable attributes of the person, not the influence of another's beliefs, so they don’t capture the “by proxy” idea.